An analysis of daily temperature data collected by the Copernicus satellite has shown that in most parts of Europe, periods of intense heat now last longer than they did 40 years ago.

In Southern Europe, air temperatures now exceed 30 °C for more than two months each year. In Madrid, the capital of Spain, recent years have seen an average of 63 days per year with temperatures above 30 °C, significantly higher compared to 29 days in the early 1980s.

In many regions, the heat not only lasts longer but also becomes more intense. For example, forty years ago, temperatures in Madrid rarely rose above 32 °C, whereas in the last five years, a typical summer has included around 40 days exceeding this level.